Spatial-temporal variability and probabilistic health risk assessment of fluoride from lentic ecosystem, Türkiye

Thrace Region is a part of the Marmara Türkiye. There are many natural and artificial stagnant water habitats in region that used for irrigation drinking supply. This study intended to determine spatial-temporal variability probabilistic health risk fluoride exposure bodies region. A total 33 were selected, samples collected during dry wet seasons 2021–2022. The levels measured using spectrophotometric method (wavelength 588 nm). accumulations varied from 0.16–0.64 mg/L lakes, 0.04–0.74 reservoirs, 0.01–0.53 ponds. World Health Organization (WHO) suggested level 0.5 1.5 mg/L. area had deficiency less than season (87.87%) (93.93%), which might be potential threat dental health. Estimation Daily Intake (EDI) Hazard Quotient (HQ) widely assessment methods applied data current research describe non-carcinogenic fluoride. All calculated hazard quotient values, both all age groups, recorded as below 1. Both teenagers children living central at higher infants adults. To evaluate model uncertainty, Monte Carlo simulations employed. outcome sensitivity analysis revealed major risks inhabitants high content their daily intake water.